Council of Constantinople

View of the Hagia Sophia as it would have appeared in Byzantine Constantinople

Council of Constantinople can refer to the following church councils (also known as synods) convened in Constantinople (modern day Istanbul, Turkey):

Councils prior to the East–West Schism of 1054

• Council of Constantinople (360), a local council
• First Council of Constantinople (381), the Second Ecumenical Council
• Council of Constantinople (382), a council convened by Theodosius I.
• Council of Constantinople (383), a local council, rejected teachings of Eunomius
• Council of Constantinople (394), a local council, produced several canons
• Council of Constantinople (518), affirmed the Council of Chalcedon (451)
• Council of Constantinople (536), deposed Anthimus I of Constantinople, condemned opponents of the Council of Chalcedon
• Synod of Constantinople (543), a local council which condemned Origen of Alexandria
• Second Council of Constantinople (553), the Fifth Ecumenical Council
• Third Council of Constantinople (680), the Sixth Ecumenical Council
• Council of Constantinople (692), also called the Quinisext Council or Council in Trullo
• Council of Constantinople (754), better known as the Council of Hieria
• Council of Constantinople (815), a local council that restored iconoclasm
• Council of Constantinople (843), a local council that restored the veneration of icons (the 'Triumph of Orthodoxy')
• Council of Constantinople (861), a local council that confirmed the deposition of Ignatios of Constantinople and election of Photios I of Constantinople

Councils of differing interpretation between the Romanist Church (comprising the Roman Catholic rites and 23 and counting other rites in Communion with the Roman Papacy) and the Orthodox Churches, commonly known as the Eastern Orthodox churches, which now also have some members celebrating most or all of the time, according to the Western Orthodox Rite

• Council of Constantinople (867), a local council convened by Photius to discuss Papal supremacy and the Filioque
• Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church) (869), considered the Eighth Ecumenical Council by the Catholic Church, deposed Photios I
• Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox) (879), considered the Eighth Ecumenical Council by some Eastern Orthodox, also called the Photian Council as it reinstated Photios I

Councils after the schism (only attended by Eastern Orthodox bishops)

• Council of Constantinople (1082), a local council convened to condemn John Italus
• Council of Constantinople (1094), also known as the Council of Blachernae (1094), a local council convened to condemn Leo of Chalcedon
• Council of Constantinople (1285), also known as the Council of Blachernae (1285), a local council that rejected the Roman Catholic Second Council of Lyon
• Fifth Council of Constantinople (1341–1351), considered the Ninth Ecumenical Council by some Orthodox, resolved the Hesychast controversy
• Synod of Constantinople (1484), condemned the Romanist, also commonly known as Roman Catholic, Council of Florence, which is considered as an Ecumenical Council by the Romanists until now. It condemned Romanism, aka Roman Catholicism as heretical including its innovative doctrines such as: the Filioque; the use of Azymes, also known as unleavened bread, in Holy Communion; Roman Papal Supremacy; and the existence of Purgatory. It was styled in its Acts as as an Ecumenical Synod with all 4 Patriarchs present, and thus it can be considered to be the most recent of the Ecumenical Councils, the "Tenth Ecumenical Council". The active support of the reigning Emperor in Constantinople, whether personally present at any of the Council or not, and whether the Emperor was considered to be baptized or not, was considered to be essential to whether or not a Council could be accepted, at the time and/or later, as Ecumenical. They come to be considered part of the civil legislative corpus of the Empire and of any successor states to it. If there is no such active support, but the Council has the active support of all 4 of the Ancient Patriarchates which consider themselves to be part of the Eastern Orthodox Church, then it can be considered to be a Pan-Orthodox Council. Pan-Orthodox Councils are also authoritative, and able to act in any of the ways that Ecumenical Councils can, but are not necessarily part of the civil legislative Corpus of the Empire.
• Council of Constantinople (1583), decided not to accept the Gregorian calendar
• Council of Constantinople (1593), approved the creation of the Moscow Patriarchate
• Synod of Constantinople (1638), condemned Cyril Lucaris' Confession
• Council of Constantinople (1722), condemned all forms of Catholicisation
• Council of Constantinople (1756), affirmed the necessity of rebaptism for Roman Catholics converting to Orthodox Christianity
• Council of Constantinople (1848), issued the Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, a reply to Pope Pius IX's In Suprema Petri Apostoli Sede epistle (also titled the Epistle to the Easterners)
• Council of Constantinople (1872), condemned phyletism as a non-Orthodox schismatic movement
• Council of Constantinople (1923), a major council, (although not ecumenical,) introduced several reforms, most controversially the revised Julian calendar reform. Not all Orthodox Churches were present at this Council, and Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow did not attend. He initially accepted the calendar change as having the valid consensus of the local Orthodox Churches, but suspended and then abandoned plans to implement the revised Julian calendar reform, when he discovered that not all of the other local Orthodox Churches had agreed to adopt the revised Julian calendar reform. Until the present day most of those who consider themselves to be Orthodox Christian, continue to follow the Julian Calendar, which also remains the Civil Calendar on Mount Athos, Greece